ื•ื™ื–ื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” etias

ืืžื ืช ืฉื ื’ืŸ

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ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื

ืžื”ื• ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ?

ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ A ื ื—ืชื ื‘-14 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1985, ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ". ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืฉื ื—ืชื ื‘ืœื•ืงืกืžื‘ื•ืจื’, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ืช ืฉื ื’ืŸ

ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื•ืื™ืœื•, ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœื” ืžืื– ืฉืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืกื‘ืœื” ืžื ื–ืง ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืจืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื ืฆื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืชืžืš ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™. ื—ืœืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื“ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ืช ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื. ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘-17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1984 ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ื ื˜ื ื‘ืœื•, ืฉื ืื™ืฉืจื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.

ื›ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกืข ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ" – ื”ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื ื—ืชื ืจืง ื‘-14 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1985. ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: ืฆืจืคืช, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ืœื•ืงืกืžื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ื”ื•ืœื ื“.

ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘-19 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1990, ื ื—ืชืžื” ืืžื ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ. ืืžื ื” ื–ื• ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื ื”ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื•ื™ื–ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” SIS – Schengen Information System ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืจื”.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืชืคื™ืกืช ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 1997 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ, ืกืคืจื“, ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ื“ื ืžืจืง, ืคื™ื ืœื ื“, ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื”ืกื›ื ื–ื”.

ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืื™ 1999 "ืืžื ืช ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื" ืฉื™ืœื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืŸ ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™. ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฆ'ื›ื™ื”, ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื”, ืœื™ื˜ื, ืžืœื˜ื”, ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื•ืœื™ื›ื˜ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ

ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ

ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ (EU) ืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื ื’ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช, ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืคืชื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ.

ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ – ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืžืื– 2004 ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืชืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœื” ื›ืื™ ืžืคื•ืœื’ ื“ื” ืคืงื˜ื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช. ื’ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืืงืจื•ื˜ื™ืจื™ ื•ื“ืงืœื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื™ื–ื“ืงืงื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ.

ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื” ื•ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2011, ืืš ื ื“ื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื•ืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืคืฉืข ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ืื•ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2011, ืืš ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื“ืื’ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ.

ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™, ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืชืฆื‘ื™ืข ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื’ืŸ.

ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื’ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื• ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื”ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืื ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ื’ื•ื•ืื“ืœื•ืค, ืžืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืง, ืžื™ื•ื˜, ืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื“ืจื•ื ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื”ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”, ืงืœื“ื•ื ื™ื”, ืกื ื˜, ื•ื•ืืœื™ืก ื•ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื”. ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื: ื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ืจ, ืกื ื˜ ืื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืก ื•ืกืื‘ื” ื•ื›'ื•.

 

ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ:

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”?

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืฉื•ื™ื–ืช ETIAS ืชื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืคื”? ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื!